Transfer of information from molecule of DNA to mRNA is called as transcription process.
Body breaks up into several fragments and each fragment starts to live as a new individual. This is fragmentation type of reproduction.
Incomplete combustion of fuels leads to formation of Carbon monoxide.
The spindle fibres start appearing from metaphase stage of karyokinesis.
Salts which can be used as supplement of calcium and iron are obtained from gluconic acid.
Cooking
Annelida: Earthworm :: Platyhelminthes: Planaria/Liver fluke/Tape worm.
Tobacco containing substances cannot cause cancer of mouth and lungs – False
Testes produce sperms and secrete the hormone testosterone.
Duck-billed platypus
1. Family planning is the practice of controlling the number of children one has and the intervals between their births.
2. India is currently facing the problem of population explosion.
3. The population explosion may lead to overconsumption of natural resources and may affect the environment indiscriminately. This may lead to increase in poverty, illiteracy, etc. Hence, Indians should follow family planning for controlling the population.
1. While exercising the muscle cells perform anaerobic respiration
2. During anaerobic respiration in muscle cells, lactic acid accumulates in the body.
3. Lactic acid accumulation is a result of the process of fermentation during which glucose is broken down by anaerobic respiration, forming organic acids.
4. Also, the production of ATP is comparatively less during anaerobic respiration. Hence, we feel exhausted after exercising.
1. Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy are all obtained without burning of a fuel; Hence no air pollution is caused and are eco friendly.
2. Sunrise, rainfall, wind are natural phenomena.
3. These phenomena are constantly and continuously happening on earth.
4. We have to design device to trap these energies.
5. By setting up hydroelectric power plant, solar panel and wind mills we can obtain these energies continuously uninterrupted at low cost. Hence these sources are called renewable energy sources.
The given picture depicts a railway accident. Following are the effects of railway accident:
1. Injury to people
2. Loss of life
3. Damage of railways
4. Economic loss
Some of the ways to reduce stress are as follows:
1. Maintaining good communication and expressing our feelings to friends, peers, cousins, teachers and parents or noting them down in a diary.
2. Utilizing the free hours in fostering hobbies like material collection, photography, reading, cooking, sculpting, drawing, making rangoli, dancing, singing, listening to music, etc.
3. Diverting energy and mind towards positive thinking, so as to neutralize the negative thoughts. Regular exercising, getting a massage, practicing yoga, and meditation.
4. Laughing loudly so as to relieve stress.
1. Anatomical evidences are the similarities in structures and anatomy between different organisms.
2. The hand of a human, foreleg of ox, flipper of whale, and forelimbs of bat appear different superficially or morphologically.
3. Also, the function of these structures is different in different animals.
4. However, there is a similarity in the structure of bones and bony joints in the organs of these animals.
5. These similarities indicate that the animals evolved from a common ancestor thus providing proof of evolution.
If I find that the child of my neighbour is addicted to tobacco chewing :
1. I will make him aware about the health problems associated with chewing tobacco like mouth cancer, tooth decay, gum diseases, etc. This will help him to make a decision about quitting tobacco.
2. I will advise him to reduce the use of tobacco every day till he finally quits it completely.
3. I will also make him talk to his family or friends regarding the issue, so as to help him get rid of the habit.
1. Person indulging in selfie is not aware about the world around and the risks. This is called selfiecide.
2. I will advise my friend to stop this weird behaviour as practice of taking selfies has led to many deaths.
3. I will tell him that this habit of taking selfies many times a day itself is enough to disturb your personal, social and professional life.
4. I will advise him to develop some hobby like reading books or playing sports to help him get rid of this habit.
The feeling of staying alone or not communicating with others may lead to mental stress. This can eventually affect one’s physical, mental and social health.
If I find that my sister has become incommunicative and prefers to remain alone;
1. I will talk to her and try to find out the reason for her aloofness and the stress. I will discuss her problem and help her find a solution to her problem.
2. I will try to get her to speak with family members and participate in family discussions, family functions, etc. I would also encourage her to pursue her hobbies. This can help her divert her mind from the issues that are troubling her.
3. If required I will advise her to consult a professional counsellor and discuss her problems.
Domestic waste refers to the waste which is generated in our houses due to our daily activities. Domestic waste can be either biodegradable or non-biodegradable for example, vegetable and fruit peels are biodegradable whereas batteries, computers, etc are non-biodegradable. biodegradable products can be used for making composts which can be used in parks, plant pots etc. For non-biodegradable products, we need to practice the 3R’s, and only after that, they should be discarded as waste. The 3R’s are –
1. Reduce – Reduce the amount of waste produced.
2. Reuse – Reusing a resource in a new way before throwing it.
3. Recycle – Making something new from a material rather than throwing it away.
a. The animal represented in the diagram belongs to phylum Arthropoda.
b. The exoskeleton of cockroach is made up of chitin.
c. Symmetry is the number of symmetrical parts the animal can be divided into. Cockroach shows bilateral symmetry.
1. Women having problems with implantation of the embryo in the uterus can have a child with the help of surrogacy technique.
2. In this technique, oocyte is collected from the concerned woman and fertilized in a test tube with the help of sperms collected from her husband.
3. Embryo formed from fertilization is implanted in another woman (surrogate mother), having a normal uterus.
1. IVF is a technique in which fertilization is brought about in the test tube. Sperm is injected into the ovum using a micropipette.
2. The embryo formed after fertilization is implanted in the uterus of a woman at the appropriate time.
3. Childless couples, who have problems like less sperm count, obstacles in the oviduct, etc., can use IVF technique for having a child.
1. In sperm banks, semen is collected from the sperm donors after their physical and medical checkup and stored.
2. Semen sample from the sperm bank is used to fertilize the oocyte of the female partner of the concerned couple.
3. The resultant embryo is implanted in the uterus of the same woman. Couples, in which males have problems in sperm production, can have a child with the help of this technique.
Spilling of petroleum oil occurs in ocean due to various reasons. This oil may prove fatal and toxic to aquatic organisms. It is not easy to remove the oil layer from surface of water by mechanical method. However, bacteria like pseudomonas spp. and Alcanivorax borkumensis have the ability to destroy the pyridines and other chemicals. Hence, these bacteria are used to clear the oil spills, These are called as hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB). HCB decompose the hydrocarbons and bring about the reaction of carbon with oxygen. CO2 and water is formed in this process.
I would like to play the role in spreading awareness about the conservation of the environment. By spreading awareness we can change the mind set and approach of people towards the environment.
• Prevention
(1) I will try to prevent possible harms to environment.
(2) I will not use plastics to prevent pollution caused by it.
• Control
(1) I will use water and other natural resources in only limited required quantity.
(2) I will stop harmful activities like throwing garbage on the road or in public places.
• Production
(1) I will work for the revival of environmental factors.
(2) I will try to develop projects for the conservation of special species.
• Awareness
(1) I will spread awareness through education, guidance, participation in various activities.
(2) I will explain the benefits of afforestation and effects of deforestation, also proper utilization of natural non-renewable resources.
• Conservation
(1) I will help in conserving the available resources.
(2) I will protect plants and animals in my locality.
The technique of bringing about improvements in living organisms by genetic modifications and hybridization, for the welfare of human beings is called ‘Biotechnology’.
Following are the uses of biotechnology in various fields:
1. Agriculture: This includes production of cash crops, improvement in varieties of cash crops, increase in abilities of plants to withstand environmental stresses, etc.
2. Medical science: Early diagnosis of congenital diseases, organ transplantation, cancer research, production of artificial skin, cartilage, etc. in laboratories.
3. Pharmaceutics: Development of drugs, vaccines, etc., for treatment of a variety of human and animal diseases.
(Students are supposed to write any one use of biotechnology as per question asked here)
The commercial or professional uses of biotechnology are as follows:
1. Biotechnology is used in the field of agriculture in order to improve crop variety and yields by techniques such as genetic modification, hybridization, etc.
2. Biotechnology is used for the manufacture of industrial products, environmental management, food processing, green revolution, white revolution, and blue revolution.
3. DNA fingerprinting techniques play an important role in forensic sciences and paternity testing.
(Students are supposed to write any one commercial use of biotechnology as per question asked here)
Bacteria used as biofertilizers:
Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Nostoc, Anabaena
Genetically modified crops:
Bt cotton, Bt brinjal and golden rice.