1. (A) Choose the right option and rewrite the sentences.
(1) The Prime Minister of India who took an initiative in resolving the question of the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka was ………… .
(a) Rajiv Gandhi
(b) Indira Gandhi
(c) H. D. Devegowda
(d) P. V. Narasimha Rao
Ans. (a) Rajiv Gandhi
(2) ………. is the father of the Green Revolution in India.
(a) D. R. Verghese Kurien
(b) Homi Bhabha
(c) M. S. Swaminathan
(d) Dr Norman Borlaug.
Ans. (c) M. S. Swaminathan
(B) Identify the wrong pair.
(1) Indira Gandhi – Emergency
(2) Rajiv Gandhi – Development in science and technology
(3) P. V. Narasimha Rao – Economic improvements
(4) Chandrashekhar – Mandal Commission.
Ans. Wrong Pair : Chandrashekhar – Mandal Commission
2. (A) Based on the information in the chapter, prepare a chronological chart of Prime Ministers and their tenure.
Ans.
(1) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru -1947 to 1964
(2) Lai Bahadur Shastri -1964 to 1966
(3) Indira Gandhi – 1966 to 1977
(4) Morarji Desai – 1977 to 1979
(5) Charan Singh – 1979 to 1980
(6) Indira Gandhi -1980 to 1984
(7) Rajiv Gandhi -1984 to 1989
(8) Vishwanath Pratap Singh -1989 to 1990
(9) Chandra Shekhar -1990 to 1991
(10) P. V. Narasimha Rao -1991 to 1996
(11) Atal Bihari Vajpayee -1996
(12) H.D. Deve Gowda – 1996 to 1997
(13) Inder Kumar Gujral – 1997 to 1998
(14) Atal Bihari Vajpayee – 1998 to 2004
(B) Write short notes.
(1) Globalisation
Ans. (1) Globalisation brought about many changes in different fields like economy, politics, science and technology and society and culture. (2) India has emerged as an important country on the global scene in different spheres. (3) India is an important member of international organisations like G-20 and ‘BRICS’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). (4) India has experienced an important revolution in the field of telecommunication technology.
(2) White Revolution
Ans. (1) White Revolution is a major event of India’s efforts towards self-reliance. (2) The experiment in co-operative dairy movement by Dr. Verghese Kurien led to the increase of milk production in India. (3) This is called as ‘White Revolution’.
3. (A) Give reasons.
(1) The Morarji Desai government lasted for short while.
Ans. (1) On the backdrop of the emergency, many opposition parties came together and formed a party called the Janata Party. (2) The Congress party led by Indira Gandhi was roundly defeated by this newly formed ‘Janata Party’. (3) Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, but under his leadership the Janata Party government couldn’t last long due to its internal differences. (4) Hence, the Morarji Desai government lasted for a short while.
(2) The army had to be sent into the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
Ans. (1) The Sikhs in Punjab demanded an independent state of Khalistan and began a movement which went on to become violent and destructive. (2) Pakistan had lent its support to this movement. (3) Some terrorists had allegedly taken shelter inside the Golden Temple at Amritsar, a holy shrine of the Sikhs in 1984. (4) Hence, the Indian army was sent into the Golden Temple in Amritsar to evict the terrorists who had taken shelter there.
(3) The National Planning Commission was set up in India.
Ans. (1) India wanted to acquire modernity and self- reliance by establishing industries. (2) India wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through planning. (3) For this, the National Planning Commission was established.
(B) Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words.
(1) How was 1991 a year of important changes in the history of the world and of India ?
Ans. (1) The year 1991 is held to be very important in the history of the world as well as India. (2) The Soviet Union disintegrated into several different small countries and the Cold War came to an end. (3) In India, the Government under the leadership of Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao initiated many changes in the Indian economy. (4) During this period, the Ram Janmabhumi and Babri Mosque issue at Ayodhya came to the forefront. (5) India conducted a number of nuclear tests in 1998 and declared herself as an atomic power. (6) In 1999, there was another war between India and Pakistan in Kargil region over the Kashmir issue. India defeated Pakistan in this war as well.
(2) What are the characteristics of the Indian economy?
Ans. (1) Right from independence, the modernisation of economy, economic self-sufficiency and social justice have been the characteristics of Indian economy. (2) India wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing industries and wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through planning. (3) For this, the National Planning Commission was established that would coordinate development through the policy of Five Year Plans.
(4) With the help of the information in the chapter, complete the list of the challenges before India and the strengths of India.
Ans. 