1. (a) Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option.
(1) The earliest museum in the world was discovered in the excavations at the city of ……………… (Sept. ’21)
(a) Delhi
(b) Harappa
(c) Ur
(d) Kolkata
Ans. (b) Ur
(2) The National Archives of India is in ……….. (March ‘19; Nov. ’20)
(a) Delhi
(b) Kolkata
(c) Mumbai
(d) Chennai
Ans. Delhi
(b) Identify the wrong pair in the following, correct it and rewrite. (July’ 19)
(1) Kootiyattam- Sanskrit theatre, Kerala
(2) Ramman- Dance form in West Bengal
(3) Ramlila- Traditional Performance of the Ramayana in Uttar Pradesh
(4) Kalbelia- Folk songs and dances of Rajasthan.
Ans. Wrong Pair : Ramman – Dance form in West Bengal
Correct Statement : Ramman is the religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas.
2. Explain the following concepts :
(1) Applied History
Ans. ‘Applied History’ is also known as ‘Public History’. Applied History is a field of study concerned with the application of history for the benefit of the people in the contemporary and future.
(2) Archives (Sep’ 21)
Ans. A collection of historical documents or records providing information about a place, institution or group of people. Archives preserve and store old documents, office records, old films, etc. The National Archives of India is at Delhi. Every state in India maintains its archives independently.
3. Answer the following in 25-30 words.
(1) Explain the concept of ‘Public History’.
Ans. (i) People have lot of misgivings about the practicality of the knowledge of history.
(ii) For example, history is usually thought as a field of interest only for historians and students wishing to pursue higher studies in the subject and not pertaining to practical life, history as a field of knowledge does not have any applicability to economically productive fields, etc.
(iii) ‘Public History’ helps to overcome such misgivings and makes history meaningful in everyday life connecting people to history.
(2) What is the role of UNESCO in the context of heritage sites? (July’ 19)
Ans. UNESCO, a global agency plays an important role to preserve our heritage for future generations. It has announced some directives with the objective of promoting the cultural and natural heritage. On the basis of those directives list of sites, traditions are declared as ‘World Heritage’.
(3) Find out the world cultural heritage sites located in Maharashtra and write their names.
Ans. The list of cultural heritage sites located in Maharashtra are
(i) Ajanta caves, Aurangabad
(ii) Ellora caves, Aurangabad
(iii) Elephanta caves, Mumbai Harbour
(iv) Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai
(v) The Kaas Plateau, Satara.
4. Complete the following concept chart. (Nov. ’20)
Ans.
5. Explain the following statements giving reasons.
(1) It is essential to study the history of technology. (Sep.’ 21)
Ans. (i) The history of technology helps in understanding the changes and their causes in the field of agricultural production, commodity production, architecture, engineering, etc.
(ii) Scientific discoveries/inventions and technological advancement are mutually dependent on each other.
(iii) Knowledge of science and technology was very important at every step from the making of stone tools to agricultural production in the evolution of mankind.
(iv) Later the advancement of science promoted the mechanisation of production.
(v) It is necessary to know the history of technology in order to understand the development of mechanisation and the mutual dependence between science and technology.
(2) The list of world Heritage Sites is announced by UNESCO. (March ’19 – ’20)
Ans. (i) It is essential for the benefit of future generations to preserve our heritage.
(ii) UNESCO, the global organisation has announced some directives with the objective of promoting the cultural and natural heritage.
(iii) Based on those directives and lists of sites and traditions are declared as ‘World Heritage’.
6. Write elaborate answers.
(1) How is the method of history useful in the research of (a) Science (b) Arts (c) Management Studies.
Ans.
(a) Science:
(i) The history of science helps in understanding the chronological order of scientific discoveries, inventions and theories.
(ii) It can also help to understand the cause and effect chain that led to those discoveries and inventions.
(iii) Inventions are often the effects of human efforts to fulfill a need and also curiosity; these efforts are based on already available scientific knowledge.
(b) Arts:
(i) Every art form with their style of expression reveals their foundation in the form of intellectual, emotional and cultural tradition.
(ii) The key to the expression in any art form, emotional temperament of the artist and the developmental history of art form can be understood with the help of cultural history.
(c) Management studies:
(i) In order to understand various factors involved in the chain of production such as means of production, human resources and processes of production, as well as the chain of market and sales management, etc.
(ii) It is essential to have a knowledge of similar functional systems of the past.
(iii) It is essential to understand the psychological character of people working at various levels in the chain of production and marketing for healthy management.
(iv) In order to achieve it, understanding of the social and economic institutions that support the industrial and commercial processes is important.
(v) Knowledge of history in this regard makes the management at various levels easier.
(2) How can we correlate applied history with our present?
Ans.
(i) The visible and invisible relics of the past exists in the present.
(ii) We have some kind of curiosity, attraction towards them.
(iii) We wish to know more about the history of our past because they represent the creative thoughts and traditions of our ancestors which is our heritage.
(iv) Since applied history is concerned with the preservation and conservation of our heritage making it accessible to the people, it is useful to understand our present with the help of history and finding right direction for the benefit of our future.
(3) Suggest at least 10 solutions for preservation of the sources of history.
Ans.
(i) Preservation, conservation, restoration, chemical preservation, establishment of archives, museums, conducting public training programmes for understanding the importance of history, creating social awareness regarding conservation, preservation of our cultural and natural heritage, to enhance the professional skills of the people and to develop industrial commercial field, to carry out preparatory work
and plan for effective education of heritage projects etc.
(ii) It is essential to avoid vandalizing of historical and public places and to ensure that they are preserved for the benefit of future generations are some of the solutions for the preservations of history.
(4) What objectives can be fulfilled through the heritage projects. (March ‘ 19)
Ans.
(i) The local social structure and psychology of the local people, challenges faced by them in the present situations and their expectations can be surveyed in detail.
(ii) Due precautions can be taken to avoid hurting sentiments of the local people.
(iii) Participation of the local people in the project can be facilitated.
(iv) Systematic plan can be designed to employ the local skills in a creative way and create better opportunities of livelihood.