1. Choose the right option and rewrite the sentence.
(1) The first open heart surgery under the leadership of Dr. N. Gopinathan was successfully performed in the city of ….……………..
(a) Chennai (b) Vellore (c) Hyderabad (d) Mumbai
Ans. (b) Vellore
(2) …………..……. is known as the father of the ‘Jaipur foot’.
(a) Dr. N. Gopinathan (b) Dr. Pramod Sethi (c) Dr. Mohan Rao (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) Dr. Pramod Sethi
2. Identify the wrong pair and rewrite the corrected one.
(1) Dr N. Gopinathan – open heart surgery
(2) Ramchandra Sharma – a skilled craftsman
(3) Dr Subhash Mukhopadhyaya – test tube baby
(4) Dr Mohan Rao – polio
Ans. Wrong pair: Dr. Mohan Rao – polio
Corrected one:Dr. Mohan Rao – Kidney transplant
3. Explain the concepts :
(1) The Institution of family.
Ans. The institution of family can be explained as follows:
(1) During the pre-independence period, the institution of the family was an important identifying feature of Indian society.
(2) India was known all over the world as the country of joint families.
(3) However, the wave of globalisation has now given an impetus to the system of nuclear families.
(2) Jaipur foot technology
Ans. (1) Jaipur Foot technology, the artificial body part manufacturing was discovered by Dr. Pramod Sethi in 1968. (2) He manufactured artificial limbs with the help of a skilled craftsman Ramchandra Sharma. (3) An artificial foot is substituted for the leg lost during an accident (in the war by soldiers). (4) A person is able to resume normal activities associated with the leg by putting on the Jaipur foot.
(3) Urbanisation
Ans.
(1) Urbanisation is a process of the concentration of population in a city or urban area. Increasing population is one major reason for urbanisation.
(2) A few other factors affecting urbanisation are air, water and the economic as well as social organisations necessary for community life.
(3) In the context of post-independence India, the increase in urban population is also due to factors such as reduction in the mortality rate, industrialisation, unavailability of means of livelihood in rural areas, job opportunities in cities and the resulting migration.
(4) Changing economic life
Ans.
(1) Earlier, every village was economically self-sufficient. A majority of the villagers were dependent on farming. Farm produce used to be distributed among artisans as payment for their work.
(2) Now this situation has changed. Rural areas are engaged in agriculture and occupations ancillary to farming while urban society is engaged in non-agricultural production and the service sector.
4. Give reasons.
(1) The campaign for pulse polio immunisation was taken up.
Ans. The campaign of pulse polio immunisation was initiated because:
(1) Before 1978, every year, six Indian infants out of every 10 who were born faced fatal health problems in the very first year of their birth.
(2) The immunisation programme was taken up to overcome the threat of polio, measles, tetanus, TB, diphtheria, and whooping cough.
(3) The ‘pulse polio’ immunisation programme started in 1995 has controlled polio.
(2) The Rural Water Supply scheme was started.
Ans. The Rural Water Supply scheme was started because:
(1) There was acute shortage of drinking water in many villages in Maharashtra.
(2) Sinking of new wells and providing piped water was necessary.
(3) Small dams were also needed to be build.
5. Answer the following questions in 25-30 words.
(1) Which kinds of discrimination does the Constitution prohibit?
Ans.
(1) According to our Constitution, all Indians are equal before the law.
(2) They cannot be discriminated on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender or place of birth.
(2) What is the aim of the social welfare programme ?
Ans.
(1) The social welfare programmes aim to make opportunities for full-time employment, health care, education and development available to all Indian citizens.
(2) That is why, on 14th June 1964, the government of India constituted the Ministry of Social Welfare.
(3) What are the challenges facing rural development?
Ans. There are three major challenges with reference to rural development, namely:
(1) Bringing about economic development.
(2) Developing facilities to meet social needs
(3) Bringing about a change of attitude in matters concerning society, culture and ways of thinking.
(4) It is equally necessary to expedite irrigation projects and bring about land reforms.
6. Write a brief review of the significant events in the field of public health in India.
Ans.
(1) The Constitution of India states that the primary duty of the government is to raise the people’s standard of living, to ensure proper nutrition and to improve public health.
(2) The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare at the Centre helps to make primary health services as well as medical care available to rural people, the tribals and the poor.
(3) Efforts were made towards helping people maintain good health by giving recognition to Unani, Homoeopathy, Ayurveda and Naturopathy in addition to Allopathy.
(4) In 1962, the first successful open heart surgery was performed under the leadership of Dr N. Gopinath at Christian Medical College Hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu.
(5) The invention of the ‘Jaipur Foot’ has transformed the lives of the disabled in India.