Define.
1. Translation
Ans. Translation is the process by which tRNA having anticodon to the codon on the mRNA, supplies amino acids, as per the message on mRNA.
2. Translocation
Ans. The movement of ribosome from one end of the mRNA to the other end by the distance of one triplet codon during translation is known as translocation.
3. Mutation
Ans. A sudden change that occurs in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, causing either a minor or considerable change in the characters of an individual is known as mutation.
4. Fragmentation
Ans. The process of asexual reproduction in which the parent body breaks into many pieces or fragments and the fragments develop into mature filaments is known as fragmentation.
5. Vegetative propagation
Ans. Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction in plants, where new plants are produced from the vegetative parts like roots, stems, leaves and buds.
6. Fertilization
Ans. The formation of a zygote by the union of a male and female gametes is known as fertilization.
7. Regeneration
Ans. A type of asexual reproduction in which the body of an organism breaks into parts and thereafter each part regenerates the remaining part of the body and new organisms are formed is known as regeneration.
8. Inflorescence
Ans. A specialised axis or branch over which flowers are produced or borne in definite manner is known as inflorescence.
9. Electromagnetic induction
Ans. It is the principle invented by Michael Faraday. According to this principle, whenever magnetic field around a conductor changes, a potential difference is generated across the conductor.
10. Nuclear fission
Ans. In nuclear fission, the atom of a heavy element is bombarded by a neutron to form an unstable isotope which further splits into two or more smaller nuclei releasing extra neutrons and large amount of energy and heat.
11. Vaccine
Ans. The antigen (killed/ inactivated form of pathogen) containing material introduced into the body to acquire either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen
or disease is known as vaccine.
12. Biotechnology
Ans. The technique of bringing about improvements in living organisms by genetic modifications and hybridization, for the welfare of human beings is known as ‘Biotechnology’.
13. Stem cell
Ans. Stem cells are specialised cells that give rise to all other types of cells present in the body of multicellular organisms.
14. Cloning
Ans. The production of replica of any cell or organ or entire organism is known as cloning.
15. DNA fingerprinting
Ans. The technique used in forensic sciences and paternity testing, wherein the identity of any person can be established with the help of its available DNA is known as DNA fingerprinting.
16. Genetic Treatment (Gene Therapy)
Ans. The technique used to treat genetic disorders using biotechnology is known as gene therapy.
17. Diversity (Biodiversity)
Ans. Biodiversity is the richness of living organisms in nature due to the presence of varieties of organisms, ecosystems and genetic variations within a species.
18. Social health
Ans. The ability of a person to establish relationship with other persons in the society is known as social health.
19. First aid
Ans. The primary help offered to the victims of disasters before actual medical treatment is available is known as first aid.