1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.
(Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan, Swami Vivekanada, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde)
(1) Swami Vivekanada established the Ramkrishna Mission.
(2) The Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College was established by Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan.
(3) The Depressed Classes Mission was founded by Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde.
2. Complete the following table.
Ans.
3. Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) The Social and religious reform movement began in India.
Ans. (i) The spread of English education and the introduction to western thoughts and culture led to changes in social, religious, economic and cultural aspects of Indian society. (ii) The modern educated Indians became aware that the backwardness of India was due to superstitions, casteism, old customs, class system and lack of critical outlook. (iii) They felt the need to eradicate the flaws and undesirable tendency for progress of the country and to create a new society based on the principles of Humanity, Equality, and Fraternity. (iv) The educated thinkers started social and religious awareness through writings to solve the various problems in the society. (v) This intellectual awakening led to the social and religious reform movement in contemporary society and is known as ‘Indian Renaissance’.
(2) Mahatma Phule conducted a strike of barbers.
Ans. (i) Widows in those days were forced to have their head shaved so that they could be easily identified as widow. (ii) Moved by the plight of such widows Mahatma Phule conducted a strike of barbers against the custom of shaving the heads of widows so as to stop this harsh practice.
4.Write Short notes.
(1) Ramkrishna Mission
Ans. (i) Ramkrishna Mission was established by Swami Vivekananda, a close disciple of Ramkrishna Paramhansa, in 1897. (ii) The Mission worked for the service to the society such as providing help to the famine-stricken people, patients, medical help to the poor, female education and spiritual growth.
(2) Reforms for women by Savitribai Phule
Ans. (i) In 1848, Mahatma Phule with the support of his wife Savitribai Phule started the first school for girls at Bhide Wada in Pune. (ii) Despite facing great criticism from the society she continued to work in education. (iii) Along with Mahatma Phule she established the ‘Bal Hatya Pratibandhak Gruha’ in her own house. (iv) Thus, she worked for the upliftment of women and untouchables in the field of education and literacy.