1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.
(1) Gandhiji began his career from the country of ……………….
(a) India
(b) England
(c) South Africa
(d) Myanmar
(2) The farmers started the no-tax movement in the district of ……………..
(a) Gorakhpur
(b) Kheda
(c) Solapur
(d) Amravati
(3) As a protest to Jallianwala Baug massacre, Rabindranath Tagore returned the title of ……………. bestowed upon him by the British Government.
(a) Lord
(b) Sir
(c) Rao Bahadur
(d) Raosaheb
2. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
(1) Which restriction were put up on the Blacks in South Africa according to the
declaration of 1906?
Ans. In 1906, the Government in South Africa declared that it was compulsory for the Blacks to carry an identity card and thus their freedom was restricted.
(2) Where did Gandhiji launch the first satyagraha in India?
Ans. The first Satyagraha movement was launched in the Champaran district of Bihar in 1917.
(3) Which officer gave orders of firing in the Jallianwala Baug?
Ans. General Dyer gave orders of firing in the Jallianwala Bagh.
3. Answer the following questions in 25-30 words.
(1) Explain the philosophy of Satyagraha.
Ans. Satyagraha means insistence of truth. (i) The main objective of Satyagraha is through patience and through Satyagraha an unjust person is made aware of truth and justice and also bring transformation in his views. (ii) A person following satyagraha should never use violence and untruth means, was the teachings of Gandhiji.
(2) Why was the Swaraj Party established?
Ans. (i) The members of Indian National Congress such as Chittaranjan Das, Motilal Nehru put up the idea of contesting elections and obstructing the work of the British government. (ii) With this motive, in 1922, the Swaraj Party was established.
4. Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) Rowlatt Act was opposed by the people of India.
Ans. (i) To suppress the growing discontent among the Indians regarding the increasing prices, taxes etc., ‘Rowlatt Act’ was passed. (ii) According to recommendations of this committee a new law was passed without considering the opposition of Indian members in Central Legislative Assembly on 17 March 1919 known as ‘Rowlatt Act’. (iii) This Act gave the right to the government to arrest anybody without any warrant or imprison without any trial. An Appeal was prohibited against the punishment given through this act. (iv) The Indians called this act the ‘Black Act’ and a tide of anger aroused all over India against this act. Gandhiji launched a Satyagraha against it.
(2) Gandhiji suspended the Non-cooperation Movement.
Ans. (i) In February 1922, the police opened fire on a peaceful procession at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh. (ii) The people were angry and set fire to the police station in which along with one officer, 22 policemen were killed. (iii) Due to this incident, Gandhiji was hurt and on 12 February 1922, he suspended the Non-cooperation Movement.
(3) The Indians boycotted the Simon Commission.
Ans. (i) The British appointed a commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon to report on India’s constitutional progress for introducing constitutional reforms. (iii) In this commission, none of the Indian members were included. (iv) Hence, the Congress decided to boycott the commission. In 1928, when the commission arrived in India the Indians boycotted it.
(4) Khilafat Movement was started in India.
Ans. (i) Muslims all over the world regarded the ruler of Turkey as their religious leader. (ii) During the First World War Turkey fought against the British. To get the support of the Indian Muslims in the war, the British had assured that after the end of the war, Khalifa’s empire would not be harmed. But after the end of the First World War, England did not stick to its assurance. (iii) A tide of great discontent aroused among the Muslims. The movement started by Indian Muslims to support the Khalifa was called ‘Khilafat Movement’. (iv) Gandhiji thought that on this problem if the Hindus and Muslims come together and start a national movement then the government can surely be brought to its senses. (v) Gandhiji therefore supported the Khilafat Movement. The Khilafat Committee accepted Gandhiji’s proposal of following non-co-operation to the government.