1.Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.
(Mahatma Gandhi, Khuda-i-Khidmatgar, Ramsay Mac Donald, Sarojini Naidu)
(1) Ramsay Mac Donald organised the Round Table Conference in London.
(2) Khan Abdul Gafar Khan established the organisation named Khuda-i-Khidmatgar.
(3) Sarojini Naidu led the Dharasana Satyagraha.
(4) In the Second Round Table Conference Mahatma Gandhi participated as a representative of Indian National Congress.
2.Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) Chandrasingh Thakur was court martialled and severely punished.
Ans. (1) Khan Abdul Gafar Khan started Satyagraha at Peshawar to break the oppressive and unjust laws of the British Government. (2) The British Government gave orders to the Garhwal regiment to open firing on the Satyagrahis, but Chandrasing Thakur, an officer of Garhwal Regiment, refused. (3) For this act, he was court martialled and was given severe punishment.
(2) The Government declared Martial Law at Solapur.
Ans. (1) The mill workers were at the forefront in the Solapur Satyagraha. (2) On 6th May 1930, hartal was observed in Solapur. (3) A huge procession was organised in Solapur. The District Collector gave orders of firing on the procession. Many volunteers along with Shankar Shivdare died in the firing. (4) As a result, people started attacking police stations, railway stations, courts, municipal buildings, etc. To suppress the agitation the Government declared Martial Law.
(3) The deliberations in the First Round Table Conference proved to be meaningless.
Ans. (1) Representatives of England and India participated in the First Round Table Conference. (2) Also, representatives of different political parties in India and rulers of Princely states participated in the conference. (3) However, the Indian National Congress, a body that represented the country did not participate in it. Without its participation, the deliberations in the Round Table Conference proved to be meaningless.
(4) Gandhiji began fast unto death in the Yerwada jail.
Ans. (1) After the Second Round Table Conference, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald declared ‘Communal Awards’. (2) According to it, Dalits were given separate
electorates. iii. Gandhiji went on fast unto death at Yerwada jail protesting against the granting of the separate electorate on the basis of caste.
3. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words.
(1) Why did Gandhiji decide to break the Salt Act to begin the satyagraha all over the country?
Ans. (1) In the opinion of Gandhiji, salt was an important ingredient in the food of common people. Hence it was unjust to impose tax on an essential commodity like salt. (2) Therefore, Gandhiji started the Salt Satyagraha. (3) Salt Satyagraha was symbolic and the extensive objective behind it was to break the oppressive and unjust laws of the British Government through peace and Satyagraha.
(2) Why did the Indian National Congress withdraw the Civil Disobedience Movement ?
Ans. (1) As the Indian National Congress did not participate in the First Round Table Conference, the British Prime Minister expressed his hope of its participation in the Second Conference. (2) The Viceroy released Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders from prison and a conducive atmosphere was created for the Congress to discuss the issues freely. (3) According to the ‘Gandhi-Irwin Pact’, the British Government assured the addition of a system of Responsible Government in the proposed Constitution of India. (4) Consequently, Indian National Congress withdrew the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreed to attend the Round Table Conference.
4. Complete the following timeline of Civil Disobedience Movement.
Ans.
