1. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences.
(1) ………… is the main demand of farmers movement. (March ’19- ’20)
(a) Right to cultivate on the forest land
(b) To get the right price for agricultural product
(c) Protection of consumers
(d) Building of dams
Ans. (b) To get the right price for agricultural product
(2) To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to food grains ………… was initiated. (Nov. ’20; Sept. ’21; July ’22)
(a) Water revolution
(b) Green revolution
(c) Industrial revolution
(d) White revolution
Ans. (b) Green revolution
2. Write notes on :
(1) Tribal movement (July ’19)
Ans. (i) In the pre-independence period, the British government deprived tribal people of their right to livelihood on forest resources. (ii) There was a Tribal uprising in Kolam from Chota Nagpur, Gond from Orissa, Koli, Bhilla and Ramoshi from Maharashtra, Santhal and Munda from Bihar. (iii) Tribals in India face several problems. One major problem is, they are denied right over forests. (iv) The main demand of the tribal movement is to accept their right over forests. (v) They should be allowed to collect products of forests and also should have a right to cultivate on forest land.
(2) Workers movement
Ans. (i) The first organization for resolving the issues of workers was established in 1920. (ii) This organization is known as All India Trade Union Congress. (iii) In the post-independence period. Trade Unions started working more effectively. In 1960s and 1970s. Trade Union movement organized several agitations. (iv) In India, workers are facing different problems. Unstable employment conditions, contract labour, financial insecurity, absence of legal protection for workers, unlimited working hours, insecurity at the workplace, health hazards are some of the problems. (v) The trade union movement in India demands solution to these problems
3. Answer the following questions in brief.
(1) Explain the activities/role/functions of environmental movement.
Ans. (i) Environmental degradation is a serious problem at the national and international level. (ii) At international level several movements are working to stop the deterioration of the environment. (iii) In India many movements are working on different aspects of environment. (iv) The environment, movements are taking up issues like protection of bio-diversity, protection of forests, green belt, pollution of rivers, use of chemicals and their ill effects etc.
(2) Explain the nature of farmers movement in India. (July ’22)
Ans. (i) In British India, farmers organised against antiagricultural policies and revenue collection ways of the colonial rule. (ii) Such farmers’ movements in Bardoli and Champaranya are well known. They were inspired by the thoughts of Mahatma Phule, Justice Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi. (iii) In the post independence period, Green Revolution did not benefit the poor farmers creating a divide between rich and poor farmers. Dissatisfaction among poor farmers led to the beginning of farmers movement. (iv) Appropriate price for agricultural products, agriculture should be treated as an industry, recommendations of Swaminathan Commission should be accepted, debt relief, debt cancellations. National Policy for Agriculture are some of the demands of the farmers` movement. (v) Shetkari Sanghatana, Bharatiya Kisan Union, All India Kisan Sabha are some of the important farmers organisations in India.
(3) For which reforms were the women’s movement in the pre-independence period fighting? (March ’19 – ’20; July ’19)
Ans. For the following reforms the women’s movement in the pre-independence were period fighting:
(i) Elimination of injustice against women and ending their exploitation. (ii) Help them in leading a respectful life and their active involvement in social life. (iii) Ending the practices of Sati and child marriages. (iv) Widow remarriage. (v) Women education and right to vote for women.
4. Explain the following statements by giving reasons.
(1) Movements are important in a democracy. (Sept. ’21)
Ans.
The above statement is True.
(i) There are different problems existing in a society. So the different social problems can be discussed through these movements. (ii) When the social problems take the shape of
public issue the government has to pay attention to such problems. (iii) The Right to protest is considered as an important right in democracy. (iv) Moreover when leaders and activists provide necessary information about social issues, government can use such information for making policies in democracy.
(2) Movements do not need a strong leadership. (March 22; July ’22)
Ans. The above statement is False.
(i) Without a leader, active participation of the people and success of the movement is not possible. (ii) Leaders are the links between the people and the government. (iii) Leaders keep the movement active, they chalk out the objectives was programmes of action and the strategy of agitation. (iv) Strong leadership makes the movement effective.
(3) Consumer movement came into existence. (March ’22)
Ans. The above statement is True.
(i) Due to the changing nature of social and economic system, consumers are facing different problems. (ii) The problems such as adulteration, increased cost of items, frauds in weight and measures, etc. has been in the society. (iii) Hence, to protect the consumers right and interest Consumer Protection Act came into existence in 1986.