4. Diversity in Living Organisms – Exercises

Exercises
(1) Match the following correctly.
Group A Group B
(1) Aquatic (i) Frog
(2) Living in muddy wetlands (ii) Swan
(3) Amphibian (iii) Wild buffalo
(4) Floating on the surface of water (iv) Fish
Solution
  • Aquatic — Fish
  • Living in muddy wetlands — Wild buffalo
  • Amphibian — Frog
  • Floating on the surface of water — Swan
Ans. (1)–(iv), (2)–(iii), (3)–(i), (4)–(ii)
(2) Find the odd one out and give reason for the same.
(a)
Cow, Horse, Goat, Fish
Ans.

Fish — It is an aquatic animal; the others are terrestrial animals.
(b)
Mango, Peepal, Guava, Coriander
Ans.

Coriander — It is a herb; the others are trees.
(c)
Kangaroo, Cheetah, Cockroach, Deer
Ans.

Cockroach — It is an insect; the others are mammals.
(d)
Moong, Jowar, Wheat, Bajra
Ans.

Moong — It is a dicotyledonous seed; the others are monocotyledonous seeds.
(3) Write True or False.
(1) Heena (mehendi) is a type of shrub.
Ans.

True.
(2) Trees with tap roots collapse easily in a light storm.
Ans.

False — Plants with fibrous roots collapse easily in a light storm.
(3) Mango trees do not bear flowers.
Ans.

False — Mango trees bear flowers, and mango fruits develop from these flowers.
(4) Polar bears live in the desert.
Ans.

False — Polar bears live in snowy regions.
(5) Some species of snakes are amphibians.
Ans.

False — Snakes are reptiles, not amphibians. They cannot breathe in water.
(4) Observe the relationship in the first pair and complete the second pair.
(a) Living on branches of trees : Monkey :: Living underground : __________
Ans.
Living on branches of trees : Monkey :: Living underground : Rat
(b) Living on dry lands : Horse :: Living in caves : __________
Ans.
Living on dry lands : Horse :: Living in caves : Lion
(5) Look at the following pictures carefully. What information do you understand about these plants? Note down all points in your notebook.
Solution
  • The plant on the left has a tap root and leaves with reticulate venation.
  • The plant on the right has fibrous roots and leaves with parallel venation.
  • Plants with tap roots and reticulate venation are dicotyledonous plants.
  • Plants with fibrous roots and parallel venation are monocotyledonous plants.
(6) Which characteristics would we consider to determine if a holy basil plant is a tree, a shrub or a herb?
Ans.

We can consider the stem, branches and height of the plant.

  1. Trees have a thick, hard, woody stem, and their branches grow from the upper part.
  2. Shrubs have many branches near the base and are usually of medium height.
  3. Herbs have soft, green, weak stems and are usually short in height.

Based on these characteristics, we can determine whether a plant is a tree, a shrub or a herb. The holy basil plant is classified as a shrub.

(7) Explain the difference between monocotyledonous (monocot) and dicotyledonous (dicot) plants.
Ans.
Monocotyledonous (Monocot) Plants Dicotyledonous (Dicot) Plants
The seeds contain one cotyledon. The seeds contain two cotyledons.
They have fibrous roots. They have tap roots.
The leaves show parallel venation. The leaves show reticulate venation.
Examples: Rice, Wheat, Banana. Examples: Sunflower, Mango, Neem.
Monocotyledonous
(Monocot)
Dicotyledonous
(Dicot)
Seeds contain one cotyledon.
Seeds contain two cotyledons.
Have fibrous roots.
Have tap roots.
Leaves show parallel venation.
Leaves show reticulate venation.
Examples:
Rice, Wheat, Banana.
Examples:
Sunflower, Mango, Neem.
(8) What is the habitat of a duck and why?
Ans.
  • 1 A duck has an aquatic habitat because it lives and swims in water.
  • 2 Its webbed feet help it swim easily.
  • 3 Its oily, waterproof feathers keep its body dry.
  • 4 It finds food, such as small fish and aquatic plants, mainly in water.
  • 5 It breathes air through its nostrils and lungs, not oxygen dissolved in water.
(9) Observe any five animals in your surroundings and determine their habitat.
Ans.
  • 1 Dog: Terrestrial habitat (land).
  • 2 Cat: Terrestrial habitat (land).
  • 3 Pigeon: Aerial habitat (air and trees).
  • 4 Fish: Aquatic habitat (water).
  • 5 Ant: Terrestrial habitat (land).
Note: Students may write the habitats of any five animals observed in their surroundings.
Project: Endangered Species of Maharashtra
Some animals in Maharashtra are at risk of disappearing because of habitat loss, hunting, pollution and other human activities.
1. Great Indian Bustard (Maldhok)

Found in: Grasslands of Maharashtra, especially around Solapur and Ahmednagar.

Threats: Loss of grassland habitat and other human activities.

Protection: Great Indian Bustard Wildlife Sanctuary has been established for its conservation.

2. Forest Owlet

Found in: Forest areas of Maharashtra.

Threats: Loss and destruction of forest habitat.

Protection: Forest conservation and protection of its natural habitat are important.

3. Vultures

Found in: Different forest and open areas of Maharashtra.

Threats: Poisoning, harmful veterinary drugs and loss of habitat.

Protection: Vulture conservation programmes and protection of nesting areas are needed.

4. Olive Ridley Turtle

Found in: Coastal areas of Maharashtra.

Threats: Pollution, fishing activities and disturbance to nesting sites.

Protection: Protection of beaches and nesting sites helps conserve these turtles.

5. Golden Mahseer

Found in: Freshwater rivers and streams.

Threats: Water pollution, dams and destruction of river habitats.

Protection: Clean rivers and protection of freshwater habitats are necessary.

Conclusion: We should protect forests, rivers, grasslands and coastal areas to save endangered animals from disappearing.

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