Chapter 9. Heritage Management
Q.l. (A) Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option.
(1) Lovre Museum has in its collection the much acclaimed painting of…………… by Leonardo da Vinci.
(a) Napoleon
(b) Mona Lisa
(c) Hans sloan
(d) George II
(2) ……… at Kolkata is the first museum in India.
(a) Government Museum
(b) National Museum
(c) Chhatrapati ShivajiMaharaj Vastusangrahalay
(d) Indian Museum
3.Ten volumes of ‘Bharatiya Samsksruti Kosh’ were edited and published by .……………………………..
(a) Mahadevshastri Joshi
(b) Lakshmanshastri Joshi
(c) SiddheshwarshastriChitrav
(d) ShridharVyankateshKetkar
4. …………………………….. prepared during the reign of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj are important in the books of medieval period.
(a) Vishwakosh
(b) Charitrakosh
(c) SamskrutiKosh
(d) Rajavyavaharkosh
5 ……………………………………is the famous Library in Thanjavur, Tamilnadu.
(a) Saraswati Mahal Granthalay
(b) National Library
(c) State Central Library
(d) David Sassoon Library
(B) Identify the wrong pair in the following and rewrite.
(1)
(1) Maharaja Sayajirao University- Delhi
(2) Banaras Hindu University- Varanasi
(3) Aligarh Muslim University- Aligarh
(4) Jivaji University- Gwalior
Ans: Wrong pair: Maharaja Sayajirao University – Delhi
(2)
(1) Louvre Museum – France
(2) British Museum – England
(3) National Museum of natural History – Germany
(4) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastusangrahalay – India
Ans: Wrong pair: National Museum of natural History – Germany
(3)
(1) Indian Museum – Kolkata
(2) National Museum – Mumbai
(3) Salarjang Museum – Hyderabad
(4) The Calico Museum of Textiles – Ahmedabad
Ans: Wrong pair: National Museum – Mumbai
Q2. (A) Complete the following concept chart.
1.
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2.
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3. Complete the following timeline.
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Q. 2. (B) Write notes.
(1) Sthalakosh
Ans:
(1) Geographic information is needed for historical studies. Hence, there are various encyclopaedias which give information about various historical places. These encyclopaedias are called Sthalakosh.
(2) ‘Sthanapothi’ composed by Muni Vyas of the Mahanubhav sect in 14lh century C.E. is an encyclopaedic text which describes the places visited by Chakradhar Swami. the founder of the Mahanubhav sect. This text gives us a hint about Maharashtra in those days.
(3) As it gives details of place, time and background of the events described in the Leelacharitra, it serves as an important source for writing about the life of Chakradhar Swami.
(2) Vishwakosh
Ans:
(1) Vishwakosh is also known as Comprehensive Encyclopaedia.
(2) It is basically of two types – one which includes all subjects, for e.g. ‘Encyclopaedia Britannica’, ‘Maharashtriya Dnyankosh’, ‘Marathi Vishwakosh’, etc. and the second type which includes comprehensive information on one chosen subject, for e.g. ‘Bharatiya Samskruti Kosh’, ‘Vyayam Dnyankosh’, etc.
(3) With a view to enhance the sphere of Marathi language and literature, the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Honorable Shri. Yashwantrao Chavan initiated the compilation of the Marathi Vishwakosh, through Maharashtra Rajya Sahitya Samskruti Mandal. This work was undertaken under the guidance of Tarkteerth Laxman Shastri Joshi.
(4) It contains knowledge about all the possible subjects in the world.
(3) Bharatiya Samskruti Kosh
Ans:
(10 Ten volumes of Bharatiya Samskruti Kosh was edited and published by Mahadevshastri Joshi.
(2) These volumes contain information about Indian history, geography, various ethnic and lingual groups, local history of these groups, their festivals and other cultural aspects.
(4) Samdnya Kosh
Ans:
(1) Samdnyakosh is a type of an encyclopaedia.
(2) Terminologies used in history are explained in such Samdnyakosh.
(3) History teachers while clarifying terms like globalisation, colonialism, etc. use the Samdnyakosh.
(5) Saraswati Mahal Granthalay
Ans:
(1) The Saraswati Mahal Granthalay based in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu was built in the 16th – 17lh century, during the times of the Nayak dynasty.
(2) Vyankojiraje Bhosale who conquered Thanjavur in 1675 C.E. and established his independent rule expanded the Granthalay.
(3) Later, his successors also worked hard to expand the Granthalay. Sarfoji Raje Bhosale contributed the most to the expansion of this library.
(4) In the year 1918, in order to honour the efforts made by Sarfoji Raje Bhosale the library was renamed as ‘The Thanjavur Maharaja Sarfoji’s Saraswati Mahal Library’.
Q.3. Explain the following statements with reasons..
(1) Archives and libraries publish research journals, informative pamphlets, leaflets, posters, etc.
Ans:
(1) The place where old documents, official records, old films, etc. are preserved and stored are called as Archives while Libraries are the storehouses of knowledge and information.
(2) Archives preserve documents with important content in their original condition, prepare indexes and create accurate systems of retrieval of documents.
(3) Libraries collect books, arrange them systematically, conserve and preserve those books, disseminate information sources, etc.
(4) These documents and books arc to be made available to the researchers whenever they want to conduct research and make research projects.
Hence, archives and libraries publish research journals, informative pamphlets, leaflets, posters, etc. to help the researchers in conducting research and also to make it available to the general public.
(2) Only trained persons, who are duly qualified can take up the tasks involved in the work of conservation and preservation.
Ans:
(1) Institutes like libraries, museums and archives conserve and preserve precious historical heritage. The task involved in the work of conservation and preservation are following:
a. collecting the sources of history creating their records and indexes
b. exhibiting manuscripts, old books and artefacts after completing necessary treatments requires very careful handling and management.
(2) For above tasks needs people with specific skills. Therefore, only trained persons, who are duly qualified, can take up the tasks involved in the work of conservation and preservation.
Q.4. Read the following extract and answer the questions below.
An unusual Village of Books
Chhatrapti Shivaji Maharaj Vastusangrahalay: In 1904 C.E. some influential residents of Mumbai decided to establish a museum to commemorate the visit of Prince of Wales to India. In the month of November of 1905 C.E. the foundation was laid of the museum building. It was decided that the name of the museum would be ‘Prince of Wales Museum of Western India’. It was renamed as ‘Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastusangrahalay’, in 1998 C.E. The building of the museum is built-in Indo-Gothic style. It has been given the status of Grade I Heritage Building in Mumbai. The museum houses about 50 thousand antiquities divided into three categories, Arts, Archaeology and Natural History.
1. When was ‘Prince of Wales Museum of Western India’ established?
Ans: ‘Prince of Wales Museum of Western India’ was established in 1904 C.E.
2. In which style the building of the museum is built?
Ans: The building of the museum is built in Indo-Gothic style.
3. Describe the features of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastusangrahalay.
Ans:
i. The building of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj vastusangrahalay is built in the Indo-Gothic style and has been given the status of Grade I Heritage building in Mumbai.
ii. This museum houses about fifty thousand antiquities which are divided into three categories – Arts, Archaeology and Natural History.
Q.5. Give elaborate answers to the following.
(1) Why is library management important?
Ans: Introduction: Libraries perform various tasks like collecting books, arranging them systematically, conservation and preservation of those books, dissemination of information sources, etc.
(1) Libraries are the store houses of knowledge and information. They house periodicals, various kinds of literature, research articles and papers. These are to be made available to a reader as per his requirement. For this, libraries need to be managed systematically.
(2) Library science is very closely related to management science, information technology and field of education.
(3) Today, the various tasks are carried out using computerised systems. Due to this, it becomes easy to make the appropriate book available to the reader when he needs it.
Conclusion: To make a book available to a reader as per his requirement is the most important aspect of library management.
(2) Which tasks are important in archives management?
Ans: Introduction: The place where old documents, official records, old films, etc. are preserved and stored are called as archives. Following tasks are important in archives management:
(1) As documents from archives are reliable these need to be preserved with important content in their original condition.
For e.g., the archives in Pune under Maharashtra State Government has about 5 crore Modi documents related to Maratha history. These documents are referred to as ‘Peshwa Daftar’.
(2) Indexes should be prepared. E.g. Documents from 1748 have been preserved here in a chronological order. These documents include records in English, Arabic, Hindi, Persian, Sanskrit and Urdu languages. There are records in Modi script as well.
(3) Accurate systems of retrieval documents should be created. For e.g. these records can be classified into four categories as Public Records, Oriental Studies, Manuscripts and Private Records.
(4) These documents are made available to researchers as and whenever necessary and all the above-mentioned tasks are done by computers.
Conclusion: Hence, the preservation of documents, preparation of indexes and creating accurate systems are the important tasks in the management of archives.
(3) What kind of training is required to study written sources ?
Ans: One should have knowledge of the following things-
(1) Knowledge of scripts like Brahmi, Modi, Persian and their development.
(2) Basic knowledge of social organisation and traditions, literature and culture, dynasties, administrative systems, etc. of past societies.
(3) Knowledge of various schools and styles of painting, sculptural art and the history of their development.
(4) Knowledge of types of paper, ink and colours.
(5) Knowledge of properties of various stones and metals used for inscriptions.
(6) Knowledge of various approaches of managing exhibitions in museums, galleries and information technology.
(7) Knowledge of equipment and chemicals used in various processes of cleaning, conservation and preservation.
(8) Writing research reports and articles.